Endometriosis is a chronic gynaecological condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, often causing severe pelvic pain, painful periods, fatigue, and fertility challenges. Despite its prevalence, endometriosis remains widely underdiagnosed in Pakistan, with many women experiencing symptoms for years before receiving an accurate diagnosis.
One of the primary reasons for delayed diagnosis is the normalisation of menstrual pain. In many Pakistani households, period pain is considered a routine part of life, something to be endured rather than investigated. Young girls and women are frequently told that painful periods are “normal,” leading them to dismiss symptoms that may actually indicate an underlying condition such as endometriosis.
Cultural stigma and silence around menstrual health further compound the problem. Conversations about periods, pelvic pain, and reproductive health are often avoided, both within families and in wider society. This lack of open dialogue discourages women from seeking medical advice early, especially when symptoms are dismissed as minor or exaggerated.
Limited Awareness
Another significant factor is limited awareness within the healthcare system. While many healthcare professionals work diligently to support women’s health, endometriosis can still be misunderstood or overlooked, particularly in primary care settings. Symptoms such as pelvic pain, heavy bleeding, digestive issues, or fatigue may be treated individually rather than recognised as part of a broader condition. As a result, women are sometimes treated repeatedly for symptoms without a clear diagnosis.
Uneven Access
Access to specialised care is also uneven. Diagnostic tools such as advanced imaging or laparoscopy may not be readily available in all regions, particularly outside major urban centres. Even when referrals are made, long waiting times and financial constraints can delay further investigation and treatment.
In addition, endometriosis symptoms can vary widely from person to person. Some women experience severe pain, while others may have milder or non-specific symptoms. This variability makes diagnosis challenging and reinforces the need for careful clinical evaluation and awareness among both patients and healthcare providers.
Impact
The impact of delayed diagnosis is significant. Years of unmanaged symptoms can affect a woman’s education, career, mental health, relationships, and overall quality of life. For some, delayed diagnosis may also affect fertility outcomes.
Required Collective Effort
Improving early diagnosis in Pakistan requires collective effort. Raising public awareness, encouraging open conversations about menstrual health, improving medical education, and strengthening referral pathways are all essential steps. Women should feel empowered to seek medical advice when symptoms disrupt their daily lives, and healthcare systems must be equipped to listen, investigate, and respond appropriately.
By breaking the silence and prioritising awareness, Pakistan can move towards earlier diagnosis, better care, and improved quality of life for women living with endometriosis.
“Improving awareness of endometriosis among both patients and healthcare professionals is essential to reducing delays in diagnosis and improving long-term outcomes.”
— Mr Amer Raza, Founder (Endometriosis and Adenomyosis Society of Pakistan
